Cov hauv qab no yog ib qho kev qhia txog cov txheej txheem xeem:
1. Kev soj ntsuam kev siv tshuab rau cov pa phem tsis zoo
Kev tshawb nrhiav dej paug pib nrog Hg, Cd, cyanide, phenol, Cr6+, thiab lwm yam, thiab feem ntau yog ntsuas los ntawm spectrophotometric. Raws li kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig kev ua haujlwm tob zuj zus thiab kev saib xyuas cov kev pabcuam txuas ntxiv nthuav dav, qhov rhiab heev thiab qhov tseeb ntawm spectrophotometric tsom xam txoj hauv kev tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov cai ntawm kev tswj hwm ib puag ncig. Yog li ntawd, ntau yam cuab yeej tshuaj ntsuam xyuas siab heev thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab cov txheej txheem tau tsim sai heev.
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1.Atomic absorption thiab atomic fluorescence txoj kev
Nplaim atomic absorption, hydride atomic absorption, thiab graphite furnace atomic absorption tau tsim ua ntu zus, thiab tuaj yeem txiav txim siab feem ntau cov kab thiab ultra-trace hlau ntsiab hauv dej.
Cov cuab yeej atomic fluorescence tsim nyob rau hauv kuv lub teb chaws tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov sib txuas ntawm yim lub ntsiab lus, As, Sb, Bi, Ge, Sn, Se, Te, thiab Pb, hauv dej. Kev tsom xam ntawm cov hydride-nrhiav cov ntsiab lus muaj siab rhiab heev thiab raug nrog tsawg matrix cuam tshuam.
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2. Plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES)
Plasma emission spectrometry tau tsim sai heev nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no thiab tau siv rau kev txiav txim siab ib txhij ntawm matrix Cheebtsam hauv dej huv, hlau thiab substrates hauv cov dej khib nyiab, thiab ntau yam hauv cov qauv lom neeg. Nws qhov rhiab heev thiab qhov tseeb yog qhov sib npaug ntawm cov nplaim atomic absorption txoj kev, thiab nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Ib qho kev txhaj tshuaj tuaj yeem ntsuas 10 txog 30 lub ntsiab lus tib lub sijhawm.
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3. Plasma emission spectrometry mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)
ICP-MS txoj kev yog ib txoj kev tsom xam loj spectrometry siv ICP ua qhov chaw ionization. Nws qhov rhiab heev yog 2 mus rau 3 qhov kev txiav txim siab ntau dua li ICP-AES txoj kev. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ntsuas cov ntsiab lus nrog cov lej loj dua 100, nws qhov kev xav tau siab dua li qhov ntsuas pom. Tsawg. Nyiv tau teev cov txheej txheem ICP-MS raws li tus qauv ntsuas kev ntsuas rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm Cr6+, Cu, Pb, thiab Cd hauv dej. cov
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4. Ion chromatography
Ion chromatography yog cov cuab yeej tshiab rau kev sib cais thiab ntsuas cov anions thiab cations hauv dej. Cov txheej txheem muaj kev xaiv zoo thiab rhiab heev. Ntau yam khoom tuaj yeem ntsuas ib txhij nrog ib qho kev xaiv. Lub conductivity detector thiab anion sib cais kem yuav siv tau los txiav txim F-, Cl-, Br-, SO32-, SO42-, H2PO4-, NO3-; Cov kab sib cais cation tuaj yeem siv los txiav txim siab NH4+, K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, thiab lwm yam., siv electrochemistry Lub detector tuaj yeem ntsuas I-, S2-, CN- thiab qee cov organic tebchaw.
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5. Spectrophotometry thiab ntws tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tshuab
Txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm qee qhov kev xav tau zoo heev thiab xaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv chromogenic rau kev txiav txim siab spectrophotometric ntawm cov hlau ions thiab cov hlau tsis yog hlau tseem nyiam cov xim. Spectrophotometry occupies ib tug loj feem nyob rau hauv niaj hnub saib xyuas. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias kev sib koom ua ke nrog cov txheej txheem no nrog kev txhaj tshuaj tshuab tuaj yeem ua ke ntau yam kev ua haujlwm xws li distillation, rho tawm, ntxiv ntau yam reagents, qhov ntim tsis tu ncua xim thiab kev ntsuas. Nws yog ib qho kev soj ntsuam kuaj tsis siv neeg thev naus laus zis thiab tau siv dav hauv cov chaw sim. Nws yog dav siv hauv online tsis siv neeg saib xyuas tshuab rau dej zoo. Nws muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov qauv tsawg dua, siab precision, ceev ceev tsom xam, thiab txuag cov reagents, thiab lwm yam, uas tuaj yeem tso cov neeg ua haujlwm los ntawm kev ua haujlwm hnyav, xws li ntsuas NO3-, NO2-, NH4+, F-, CrO42-, Ca2+, thiab lwm yam hauv dej zoo. Flow txhaj tshuab yog muaj. Lub detector tuaj yeem siv tsis tau tsuas yog siv spectrophotometric, tab sis kuj atomic absorption, ion selective electrodes, thiab lwm yam.
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6. Valence thiab daim ntawv tsom xam
Cov pa phem muaj nyob hauv ntau hom hauv dej ib puag ncig, thiab lawv cov tshuaj lom rau cov dej hauv dej thiab tib neeg kuj txawv heev. Piv txwv li, Cr6+ muaj tshuaj lom ntau dua li Cr3+, As3+ muaj tshuaj lom ntau dua li As5+, thiab HgCl2 muaj tshuaj lom ntau dua li HgS. Cov qauv dej zoo thiab kev saib xyuas qhia txog kev txiav txim siab ntawm tag nrho cov mercury thiab alkyl mercury, hexavalent chromium thiab tag nrho chromium, Fe3 + thiab Fe2 +, NH4 + -N, NO2–N thiab NO3–N. Qee qhov dej num kuj qhia txog lub xeev filterable. thiab tag nrho cov nqi ntsuas, thiab lwm yam. Hauv kev tshawb fawb ib puag ncig, txhawm rau nkag siab txog kev ua qias tuaj thiab kev tsiv teb tsaws thiab kev hloov pauv, nws tsis yog tsuas yog yuav tsum tau kawm thiab tshuaj xyuas lub xeev valence adsorption thiab complex xeev ntawm inorganic tshuaj, tab sis kuj yuav tsum kawm lawv cov oxidation. thiab txo qis hauv ib puag ncig nruab nrab (xws li nitrosation ntawm nitrogen-muaj cov tebchaw). , nitrification los yog denitrification, thiab lwm yam) thiab lom methylation thiab lwm yam teeb meem. Cov hlau hnyav uas muaj nyob hauv cov organic, xws li alkyl lead, alkyl tin, thiab lwm yam, tam sim no tau txais kev saib xyuas ntau los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb ib puag ncig. Hauv particular, tom qab triphenyl tin, tributyl tin, thiab lwm yam tau teev tseg raws li endocrine disruptors, kev saib xyuas ntawm cov organic hnyav hlau Analytical technology yog tsim sai heev.
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2. Kev soj ntsuam kev siv tshuab rau cov pa phem
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1. Kev saib xyuas cov khoom siv oxygen-consuming organic
Muaj ntau yam kev qhia uas qhia txog kev ua qias tuaj ntawm cov dej hauv lub cev los ntawm cov khoom siv oxygen, xws li permanganate Performance index, CODCr, BOD5 (tseem suav nrog cov tshuaj tsis muaj zog xws li sulfide, NH4 +-N, NO2-N thiab NO3-N), tag nrho cov organic teeb meem carbon (TOC), tag nrho cov pa oxygen noj (TOD). Cov ntsuas no feem ntau siv los tswj cov dej khib nyiab pov tseg thiab ntsuas qhov dej zoo. Cov ntsuas no muaj qee qhov kev sib raug zoo nrog ib leeg, tab sis lawv lub cev lub ntsiab lus txawv thiab nws nyuaj rau kev hloov ib leeg. Vim hais tias muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm oxygen-siv cov organic teeb meem sib txawv nrog dej zoo, qhov kev sib raug zoo no tsis ruaj, tab sis nws txawv heev. Kev soj ntsuam thev naus laus zis rau cov ntsuas no tau dhau los, tab sis tib neeg tseem tab tom tshawb nrhiav cov thev naus laus zis uas tuaj yeem ua tau sai, yooj yim, txuag lub sijhawm, thiab siv tau zoo. Piv txwv li, COD meter ceev thiab microbial sensor ceev BOD meter twb tau siv lawm.
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2. Organic pollutant qeb saib xyuas tshuab
Kev saib xyuas cov kuab paug organic feem ntau pib los ntawm kev saib xyuas cov pa phem hauv pawg. Vim tias cov cuab yeej siv tau yooj yim, nws yog ib qho yooj yim ua nyob rau hauv cov chav kuaj dav dav. Ntawm qhov tod tes, yog tias muaj teeb meem loj hauv kev saib xyuas hauv qeb, kev txheeb xyuas ntxiv thiab kev txheeb xyuas ntawm qee yam ntawm cov khoom organic tuaj yeem ua tiav. Piv txwv li, thaum saib xyuas adsorbable halogenated hydrocarbons (AOX) thiab pom tias AOX tshaj tus qauv, peb tuaj yeem siv GC-ECD ntxiv rau kev soj ntsuam ntxiv los kawm txog cov halogenated hydrocarbon tebchaw uas muaj kuab paug, lawv muaj kuab lom, qhov twg cov pa phem tuaj, thiab lwm yam. Organic pollutant qeb soj ntsuam cov khoom muaj xws li: volatile phenols, nitrobenzene, anilines, ntxhia roj, adsorbable hydrocarbons, thiab lwm yam. Standard analytical txoj kev muaj nyob rau hauv tej yaam num.
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3. Kev tshuaj xyuas cov kuab paug organic
Organic pollutant tsom xam tuaj yeem muab faib ua VOCs, S-VOCs tsom xam thiab tshuaj xyuas cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb. Txoj kev stripping thiab trapping GC-MS yog siv los ntsuas cov organic tebchaw (VOCs), thiab kua-kua extraction los yog micro-khoom-theem extraction GC-MS yog siv los ntsuas semi-volatile organic compounds (S-VOCs), uas yog ib tug dav-spectrum tsom xam. Siv cov roj chromatography cais, siv nplaim ionization ntes (FID), hluav taws xob ntes ntes (ECD), nitrogen phosphorus detector (NPD), photoionization detector (PID), thiab lwm yam los txiav txim siab ntau yam organic pollutants; siv cov kua theem Chromatography (HPLC), ultraviolet detector (UV) los yog fluorescence detector (RF) los txiav txim siab polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, acid esters, phenols, thiab lwm yam.
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4. Tsis siv neeg soj ntsuam thiab tag nrho emission xyuas tshuab
Ib puag ncig dej zoo tsis siv neeg saib xyuas cov tshuab feem ntau yog cov khoom siv saib xyuas, xws li dej kub, xim, concentration, yaj oxygen, pH, conductivity, permanganate index, CODCr, tag nrho nitrogen, tag nrho cov phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, thiab lwm yam. Peb lub teb chaws yog tsim cov dej tsis siv neeg. Kev soj ntsuam zoo hauv qee qhov tseem ceeb hauv lub tebchaws tswj hwm dej zoo thiab tshaj tawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm dej zoo txhua lub lim tiam hauv xov xwm, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhawb nqa kev tiv thaiv dej zoo.
Thaum lub sij hawm "Ninth Tsib-Year Plan" thiab "Kaum Tsib Xyoo Plan", kuv lub teb chaws yuav tswj thiab txo tag nrho cov emissions ntawm CODCr, ntxhia roj, cyanide, mercury, cadmium, arsenic, chromium (VI), thiab txhuas, thiab tej zaum yuav tau dhau ob peb lub phiaj xwm tsib xyoos. Tsuas yog los ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo los txo qis tag nrho cov paug tawm hauv qab dej ib puag ncig muaj peev xwm tuaj yeem peb txhim kho cov dej ib puag ncig thiab coj mus rau lub xeev zoo. Yog li ntawd, cov lag luam uas muaj kuab paug loj yuav tsum tsim kom muaj cov kav dej phwj tuaj thiab cov dej phwj ntsuas ntws, nruab cov kav dej phwj tuaj thiab cov cuab yeej saib xyuas online xws li CODCr, ammonia, roj ntxhia, thiab pH kom ua tiav lub sijhawm saib xyuas kev lag luam dej phwj tuaj thiab pollutant concentration. thiab txheeb xyuas tag nrho cov pa paug tawm.
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5 Kev soj ntsuam ceev ceev ntawm dej paug thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev
Ntau txhiab qhov xwm txheej loj thiab me me tshwm sim txhua xyoo, uas tsis yog tsuas yog ua rau ib puag ncig thiab ecosystem puas tsuaj, tab sis kuj tseem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau tib neeg lub neej thiab vaj tse kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ruaj ntseg hauv zej zog (raws li tau hais los saum no). Cov txheej txheem rau kev tshawb nrhiav qhov xwm txheej ceev ntawm cov pa phem muaj xws li:
①Portable ceev ntsuas txoj kev: xws li yaj oxygen, pH meter, portable gas chromatograph, portable FTIR meter, thiab lwm yam.
② Kev tshawb nrhiav ceev ceev thiab kev tshawb nrhiav daim ntawv txoj kev: xws li H2S kuaj lub raj (cov ntawv xeem), CODCr ceev nrhiav tube, hnyav hlau nrhiav tube, thiab lwm yam.
③On-site sampling-laboratory tsom xam, thiab lwm yam.
Post lub sij hawm: Jan-11-2024
