43. Kev ceev faj txog kev siv iav electrodes yog dab tsi?
⑴Qhov zero-muaj peev xwm pH tus nqi ntawm cov iav electrode yuav tsum nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm qhov chaw tswj hwm ntawm qhov sib txuam acidimeter, thiab nws yuav tsum tsis txhob siv rau hauv cov kev daws teeb meem tsis muaj dej. Thaum cov iav electrode siv thawj zaug lossis rov siv dua tom qab siv tsis tau ntev, lub khob iav yuav tsum tau tsau rau hauv dej distilled rau ntau tshaj 24 teev los tsim cov dej zoo. Ua ntej siv, ua tib zoo xyuas seb cov electrode puas nyob rau hauv qhov zoo, lub iav qhov muag teev yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj cov kab nrib pleb thiab me ntsis, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sab hauv yuav tsum tau tsau rau hauv cov kua filling.
⑵ Yog tias muaj npuas nyob rau hauv cov kua filling, maj mam co lub electrode kom cov npuas dej ntws, kom muaj kev sib cuag zoo ntawm cov khoom siv electrode thiab cov tshuaj. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub iav qhov muag teev, tom qab yaug nrog dej, koj tuaj yeem siv cov ntawv lim kom ua tib zoo nqus cov dej uas txuas nrog lub electrode, thiab tsis txhob so nrog lub zog. Thaum ntsia, lub iav qhov muag teev ntawm lub iav electrode yog me ntsis siab tshaj qhov siv electrode.
⑶ Tom qab ntsuas cov qauv dej uas muaj cov roj lossis cov tshuaj emulsified, ntxuav cov electrode nrog xab npum thiab dej hauv lub sijhawm. Yog hais tias lub electrode yog scaled los ntawm inorganic ntsev, soak lub electrode nyob rau hauv (1 + 9) hydrochloric acid. Tom qab cov nplai tau yaj, yaug nws kom huv si nrog dej thiab muab tso rau hauv dej distilled rau siv tom qab. Yog tias qhov kev kho mob saum toj no tsis txaus siab, koj tuaj yeem siv acetone lossis ether (tsis tuaj yeem siv ethanol kiag li) los ntxuav nws, tom qab ntawd kho nws raws li cov txheej txheem saum toj no, thiab tom qab ntawd tsau cov electrode hauv dej distilled hmo ua ntej siv.
⑷ Yog tias nws tseem tsis ua haujlwm, koj tuaj yeem tsau nws hauv chromic acid ntxuav cov tshuaj rau ob peb feeb. Chromic acid muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tshem tawm cov khoom adsorbed ntawm cov iav sab nrauv, tab sis nws muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub cev qhuav dej. Cov electrodes kho nrog chromic acid yuav tsum tau tsau rau hauv dej ib hmo ua ntej lawv tuaj yeem siv rau kev ntsuas. Raws li qhov chaw kawg, cov electrode kuj tuaj yeem tsau rau hauv 5% HF tov rau 20 mus rau 30 vib nas this lossis hauv ammonium hydrogen fluoride (NH4HF2) tov rau 1 feeb rau kev kho mob me ntsis. Tom qab soaking, yaug nws nrog dej tam sim ntawd, thiab muab tso rau hauv dej rau tom qab siv. . Tom qab kev kho mob hnyav, lub neej ntawm electrode yuav raug cuam tshuam, yog li ob txoj kev ntxuav no tsuas yog siv los ua lwm txoj hauv kev pov tseg.
44. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab kev ceev faj txog kev siv calomel electrode yog dab tsi?
⑴Calomel electrode muaj peb ntu: hlau mercury, mercury chloride (calomel) thiab potassium chloride ntsev choj. Cov tshuaj chloride ions hauv electrode yog los ntawm cov tshuaj potassium chloride. Thaum lub concentration ntawm cov tshuaj potassium chloride yog tas li, lub peev xwm electrode yog qhov tsis tu ncua ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, tsis hais tus nqi pH ntawm cov dej. Cov tshuaj poov tshuaj chloride hauv cov electrode nkag mus los ntawm tus choj ntsev (ceramic sand core), ua rau lub roj teeb qub ua haujlwm.
⑵ Thaum siv, cov roj hmab stopper ntawm lub nozzle nyob rau sab ntawm lub electrode thiab cov roj hmab cap nyob rau hauv qis kawg yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm kom cov ntsev choj tov muaj peev xwm tswj tau ib tug tej yam txaus nqi thiab to los ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus thiab tswj kev nkag mus rau cov tshuaj. yuav tsum ntsuas. Thaum tsis siv cov electrode, cov roj hmab stopper thiab roj hmab hau yuav tsum muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw kom tiv thaiv evaporation thiab to. Calomel electrodes uas tsis tau siv rau lub sijhawm ntev yuav tsum tau ntim nrog cov tshuaj potassium chloride thiab muab tso rau hauv lub thawv electrode cia.
⑶ Yuav tsum tsis muaj npuas hauv cov tshuaj poov tshuaj chloride hauv cov electrode los tiv thaiv luv luv; ob peb cov poov tshuaj chloride crystals yuav tsum tau muab khaws cia rau hauv cov tshuaj kom ntseeg tau tias cov poov tshuaj chloride saturation. Txawm li cas los xij, yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj cov poov tshuaj chloride ntau dhau lawm, txwv tsis pub nws tuaj yeem thaiv txoj hauv kev rau kev ntsuas ntsuas, ua rau kev nyeem tsis raug. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau them rau kev tshem tawm cov npuas npuas ntawm qhov chaw ntawm calomel electrode lossis ntawm qhov chaw sib cuag ntawm tus choj ntsev thiab dej. Txwv tsis pub, nws kuj yuav ua rau lub ntsuas hluav taws xob tawg thiab kev nyeem ntawv tsis tuaj yeem nyeem lossis tsis ruaj khov.
⑷ Thaum lub sij hawm ntsuas, cov kua theem ntawm cov tshuaj poov tshuaj chloride nyob rau hauv calomel electrode yuav tsum siab tshaj cov kua theem ntawm cov ntsuas ntsuas los tiv thaiv cov ntsuas ntsuas los ntawm diffusing mus rau hauv lub electrode thiab cuam tshuam lub peev xwm ntawm calomel electrode. Sab hauv diffusion ntawm chlorides, sulfides, complexing agents, silver ntsev, poov tshuaj perchlorate thiab lwm yam khoom uas muaj nyob rau hauv dej yuav cuam tshuam lub peev xwm ntawm calomel electrode.
⑸Thaum qhov kub thiab txias hloov pauv tau zoo heev, qhov muaj peev xwm hloov pauv ntawm calomel electrode muaj hysteresis, uas yog, qhov kub thiab txias hloov sai, cov electrode muaj peev xwm hloov maj mam, thiab nws yuav siv sij hawm ntev rau cov electrode muaj peev xwm ncav cuag qhov sib npaug. Yog li ntawd, sim zam kev hloov pauv loj hauv qhov kub thiab txias thaum ntsuas. .
⑹ Ua tib zoo tiv thaiv cov calomel electrode ceramic sand core los ntawm kev thaiv. Ua tib zoo saib xyuas kom raws sijhawm tom qab ntsuas cov tshuaj turbid lossis cov tshuaj colloidal. Yog tias muaj cov adherents nyob rau saum npoo ntawm calomel electrode ceramic xuab zeb core, koj tuaj yeem siv daim ntawv emery lossis ntxiv dej rau cov roj pob zeb kom maj mam tshem nws.
⑺ Tsis tu ncua xyuas qhov ruaj khov ntawm calomel electrode, thiab ntsuas lub peev xwm ntawm qhov ntsuas calomel electrode thiab lwm cov calomel electrode tsis tu ncua nrog tib cov kua dej hauv cov dej hauv cov dej los yog hauv tib cov qauv dej. Qhov sib txawv muaj peev xwm yuav tsum tsawg dua 2mV, txwv tsis pub yuav tsum tau hloov lub calomel electrode tshiab.
45. Cov kev ceev faj rau kev ntsuas kub yog dab tsi?
Tam sim no, cov qauv kev tso dej hauv lub tebchaws tsis muaj cov kev cai tshwj xeeb ntawm cov dej kub, tab sis dej kub yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov txheej txheem kev kho mob lom neeg thiab yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas. Ob leeg aerobic thiab anaerobic kev kho mob yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam kub thiab txias. Thaum qhov no ntau dhau lawm, qhov kub thiab txias yog siab dhau lossis qis dhau, uas yuav txo qhov kev kho mob thiab txawm tias ua rau tsis ua haujlwm ntawm tag nrho cov kab ke. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau qhov ntsuas kub ntawm qhov dej nkag ntawm qhov kev kho mob. Thaum pom cov dej kub hloov pauv hauv dej, peb yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov kev hloov hauv dej kub hauv cov khoom siv kho mob tom ntej. Yog tias lawv nyob rau hauv qhov kev zam, lawv tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej. Txwv tsis pub, qhov kub ntawm dej inlet yuav tsum tau kho.
GB 13195-91 qhia tshwj xeeb rau kev ntsuas dej kub uas siv cov ntsuas kub saum npoo, ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov tob lossis ntsuas qhov ntsuas kub. Raws li ib txwm muaj, thaum ntsuas cov dej kub ib ntus hauv txhua tus txheej txheem ntawm kev kho cov dej khib nyiab ntawm qhov chaw, feem ntau siv cov ntsuas mercury-filled iav uas tsim nyog los ntsuas nws. Yog tias tus pas ntsuas kub yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm ntawm cov dej rau kev nyeem ntawv, lub sij hawm txij thaum lub ntsuas kub tawm hauv dej mus rau thaum nyeem ntawv tiav yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 20 vib nas this. Tus pas ntsuas kub yuav tsum muaj qhov ntsuas qhov tseeb tsawg kawg yog 0.1oC, thiab lub peev xwm kub yuav tsum tsawg npaum li qhov ua tau kom yooj yim kom ncav cuag qhov sib npaug. Nws kuj yuav tsum tau calibrated tsis tu ncua los ntawm lub metrology thiab pov thawj department siv ib tug precision ntsuas kub.
Thaum ntsuas dej kub ib ntus, qhov ntsuas kub ntawm lub khob ntsuas kub lossis lwm yam khoom ntsuas kub yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv dej kom ntsuas rau qee lub sijhawm (feem ntau tshaj 5 feeb), thiab tom qab ntawd nyeem cov ntaub ntawv tom qab ncav cuag qhov sib npaug. Qhov ntsuas kub yog feem ntau yog 0.1oC. Cov chaw kho dej khib nyiab feem ntau nruab ib qho ntsuas kub hauv online ntawm qhov dej nkag kawg ntawm lub tank aeration, thiab tus pas ntsuas kub feem ntau siv lub thermistor los ntsuas cov dej kub.
Post lub sij hawm: Nov-02-2023
