Tag nrho phosphorus yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm qhov ntsuas dej zoo, uas muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau thaj chaw ecological ntawm lub cev dej thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Tag nrho phosphorus yog ib qho ntawm cov as-ham tsim nyog rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab algae, tab sis yog tias tag nrho cov phosphorus nyob rau hauv dej siab dhau lawm, nws yuav ua rau eutrophication ntawm lub cev dej, ua kom cov algae thiab cov kab mob, ua rau algae blooms, thiab cuam tshuam rau ecological ib puag ncig ntawm lub cev dej. Thiab qee zaum, xws li cov dej haus thiab dej hauv pas dej da dej, cov phosphorus ntau ntau yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov menyuam mos thiab cov poj niam cev xeeb tub.
Qhov chaw ntawm tag nrho phosphorus hauv dej
(1) Kev ua liaj ua teb muaj kuab paug
Kev ua liaj ua teb muaj kuab paug feem ntau yog vim kev siv tshuaj chiv ntau heev, thiab cov phosphorus hauv cov tshuaj chiv tau ntws mus rau hauv cov dej hauv dej los ntawm cov dej los nag lossis kev ua liaj ua teb. Feem ntau, tsuas yog 10% -25% ntawm cov chiv tuaj yeem siv los ntawm cov nroj tsuag, thiab cov seem 75% -90% yog nyob hauv av. Raws li kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los, 24% -71% ntawm phosphorus hauv dej yog los ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb fertilization, yog li phosphorus pollution nyob rau hauv dej feem ntau yog vim kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm phosphorus hauv av mus rau dej. Raws li kev txheeb cais, kev siv tus nqi ntawm phosphate chiv feem ntau tsuas yog 10% -20%. Kev siv ntau dhau ntawm phosphate chiv tsis tsuas yog ua rau cov khoom siv pov tseg xwb, tab sis kuj ua rau cov phosphate chiv ntau dhau los ua paug dej los ntawm cov dej ntws.
(2) Cov dej phwj hauv tsev
Cov dej phwj hauv tsev muaj xws li cov kav dej phwj hauv tsev, cov dej phwj hauv tsev, thiab cov dej phwj tuaj tawm hauv cov kav dej. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm phosphorus hauv cov kav dej hauv tsev yog siv cov khoom siv ntxhua khaub ncaws uas muaj phosphorus, tib neeg excrement, thiab cov khib nyiab hauv tsev. Cov khoom siv ntxhua khaub ncaws feem ntau yog siv sodium phosphate thiab polysodium phosphate, thiab cov phosphorus hauv cov xab npum ntws mus rau hauv dej lub cev nrog cov dej phwj tuaj.
(3) Muaj dej khib nyiab
Kev lag luam khib nyiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb ua rau ntau tshaj phosphorus hauv dej. Cov dej khib nyiab muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov pa phem ntau, ntau hom pa phem, nyuaj rau degrade, thiab complex Cheebtsam. Yog tias cov dej khib nyiab tau tso tawm ncaj qha yam tsis muaj kev kho mob, nws yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau lub cev dej. Kev tsis zoo rau ib puag ncig thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov neeg nyob.
Txoj kev tshem tawm phosphorus dej phwj
(1) Electrolysis
Los ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm electrolysis, cov khoom tsis zoo nyob rau hauv cov dej khib nyiab tau txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation ntawm qhov tsis zoo thiab cov ncej zoo, thiab cov khoom tsis zoo raug hloov mus rau hauv cov khoom tsis zoo kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev lim dej. Cov txheej txheem electrolysis muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab, cov khoom siv yooj yim, kev ua haujlwm yooj yim, kev tshem tawm siab, thiab kev lag luam ntawm cov khoom siv; nws tsis tas yuav ntxiv coagulants, tshuaj ntxuav thiab lwm yam tshuaj, zam kev cuam tshuam rau lub ntuj tsim, thiab txo cov nqi tib lub sijhawm. Ib qho me me ntawm sludge yuav raug tsim. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev siv hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hlau, cov nqi khiav lag luam yog siab, kev saib xyuas thiab kev tswj xyuas tsis yooj yim, thiab cov teeb meem ntawm kev siv tag nrho cov sediment xav tau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv thiab kev daws teeb meem.
(2) Electrodialysis
Nyob rau hauv txoj kev electrodialysis, los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm ib qho hluav taws xob sab nraud, cov anions thiab cations nyob rau hauv cov kua aqueous txav mus rau lub anode thiab cathode raws, kom cov ion concentration nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub electrode yog heev txo, thiab ion concentration. nyob ze ntawm electrode yog nce. Yog hais tias ib qho ion txauv membrane ntxiv nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov electrode, kev sib cais thiab concentration tuaj yeem ua tiav. lub hom phiaj ntawm. Qhov sib txawv ntawm electrodialysis thiab electrolysis yog tias txawm hais tias qhov hluav taws xob ntawm electrodialysis siab, qhov tam sim no tsis loj, uas tsis tuaj yeem tswj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv redox tas li, thaum electrolysis yog qhov sib txawv. Electrodialysis thev naus laus zis muaj qhov zoo ntawm qhov tsis muaj tshuaj lom neeg, cov khoom siv yooj yim thiab cov txheej txheem sib dhos, thiab kev ua haujlwm yooj yim. Txawm li cas los xij, tseem muaj qee qhov tsis zoo uas txwv nws txoj kev siv dav, xws li kev siv hluav taws xob siab, kev xav tau siab rau kev kho dej tsis zoo, thiab kev kho tsis zoo.
(3) Txoj kev adsorption
Txoj kev adsorption yog ib txoj hauv kev uas qee cov kuab paug hauv dej yog adsorbed thiab tsau los ntawm cov khoom ntxeem tau (adsorbents) kom tshem tawm cov pa phem hauv dej. Feem ntau, txoj kev adsorption muab faib ua peb kauj ruam. Ua ntej, cov adsorbent yog nyob rau hauv tag nrho kev sib cuag nrog cov dej khib nyiab kom cov pa phem adsorbed; thib ob, kev sib cais ntawm cov adsorbent thiab cov dej khib nyiab; thib peb, kev tsim kho tshiab los yog rov ua dua tshiab ntawm cov adsorbent. Ntxiv nrog rau kev siv dav dav siv cov pa roj carbon monoxide ua adsorbent, hluavtaws macroporous adsorption resin kuj tau siv dav hauv kev kho dej adsorption. Txoj kev adsorption muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm yooj yim, kev kho mob zoo thiab kev kho mob sai. Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi yog siab, thiab cov nyhuv adsorption saturation yuav txo qis. Yog tias siv resin adsorption, kev tshuaj xyuas yuav tsum tau ua tom qab adsorption saturation, thiab cov tshuaj khib nyiab kua yog qhov nyuaj rau kev daws.
(4) Txoj kev sib pauv ion
Txoj kev sib pauv ion yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev sib pauv ion, cov ions hauv dej tau pauv rau phosphorus hauv cov khoom siv, thiab phosphorus raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev sib pauv hloov pauv, uas tuaj yeem tshem tawm phosphorus sai thiab muaj cov phosphorus tshem tawm siab. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib pauv resin muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev lom neeg yooj yim thiab rov tsim dua tshiab.
(5) Txoj kev crystallization
Kev tshem tawm phosphorus los ntawm crystallization yog ntxiv cov khoom zoo ib yam li qhov chaw thiab cov qauv ntawm cov phosphate insoluble rau cov dej khib nyiab, rhuav tshem lub xeev metastable ntawm ions hauv dej khib nyiab, thiab precipitate phosphate crystals rau saum npoo ntawm crystallization tus neeg sawv cev raws li cov siv lead ua nucleus, thiab tom qab ntawd cais thiab tshem tawm phosphorus. Cov khoom siv calcium uas muaj cov ntxhia tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv crystallization, xws li phosphate pob zeb, pob txha char, slag, thiab lwm yam, ntawm cov pob zeb phosphate thiab pob txha pob txha zoo dua. Nws txuag chaw hauv pem teb thiab yooj yim los tswj, tab sis muaj pH siab thiab muaj cov calcium ion concentration.
(6) Artificial wetland
Kev tshem tawm cov av ntub dej phosphorus ua ke ua ke qhov zoo ntawm kev tshem tawm phosphorus lom, tshuaj lom neeg los nag phosphorus tshem tawm, thiab tshem tawm phosphorus adsorption. Nws txo cov ntsiab lus phosphorus los ntawm kev nqus thiab assimilation, thiab substrate adsorption. Kev tshem tawm phosphorus feem ntau yog los ntawm substrate adsorption ntawm phosphorus.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, cov hau kev saum toj no tuaj yeem tshem tawm phosphorus hauv cov dej khib nyiab yooj yim thiab sai, tab sis lawv txhua tus muaj qee qhov tsis zoo. Yog tias ib qho ntawm txoj kev siv ib leeg, daim ntawv thov tiag tiag yuav ntsib teeb meem ntau dua. Cov txheej txheem saum toj no yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev kho mob ua ntej lossis kev kho mob siab heev rau kev tshem tawm phosphorus, thiab ua ke nrog kev tshem tawm phosphorus lom yuav ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua.
Txoj kev txiav txim siab tag nrho Phosphorus
1. Molybdenum-antimony anti-spectrophotometry: Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsom xam thiab kev txiav txim siab ntawm molybdenum-antimony anti-spectrophotometry yog: nyob rau hauv acidic tej yam kev mob, phosphorus nyob rau hauv cov dej kuaj yuav hnov mob nrog molybdenum acid thiab antimony potassium tartrate nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ions los tsim acid molybdenum. complexes. Polyacid, thiab cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem raug txo los ntawm kev txo tus neeg sawv cev ascorbic acid los ua ib qho xiav complex, uas peb hu ua molybdenum xiav. Thaum siv cov qauv no los soj ntsuam cov qauv dej, cov txheej txheem kev zom zaub mov sib txawv yuav tsum tau siv raws li qib dej paug. Kev zom cov poov tshuaj persulfate feem ntau yog tsom rau cov qauv dej uas muaj cov pa phem tsawg, thiab yog tias cov qauv dej muaj kuab paug heev, feem ntau nws yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov pa oxygen, siab hlau ntsev thiab cov organic teeb meem. Lub sijhawm no, peb yuav tsum siv oxidizing Stronger reagent digestion. Tom qab kev txhim kho tas mus li thiab ua tiav, siv txoj kev no los txiav txim siab cov ntsiab lus phosphorus hauv cov qauv dej tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog txo lub sijhawm saib xyuas, tab sis kuj muaj qhov raug siab, zoo rhiab heev thiab tsis tshua muaj kev txwv. Los ntawm kev sib piv dav dav, qhov no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws txoj kev tshawb nrhiav.
2. ferrous chloride txo txoj kev: Sib tov cov qauv dej nrog sulfuric acid thiab kub rau boiling, ces ntxiv ferrous chloride thiab sulfuric acid kom txo tag nrho phosphorus rau phosphate ion. Tom qab ntawd siv ammonium molybdate rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv xim, thiab siv colorimetry lossis spectrophotometry los ntsuas qhov absorbance los xam tag nrho cov phosphorus concentration.
3. High-temperature digestion-spectrophotometry: Digest the water sample at high temperature to convert tag nrho phosphorus rau inorganic phosphorus ions. Tom qab ntawd siv cov tshuaj acidic potassium dichromate los txo cov phosphate ion thiab potassium dichromate nyob rau hauv acidic tej yam kev mob los tsim Cr (III) thiab phosphate. Tus nqi nqus ntawm Cr (III) tau ntsuas, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm phosphorus raug xam los ntawm tus qauv nkhaus.
4. Atomic fluorescence method: tag nrho cov phosphorus hauv cov qauv dej yog thawj zaug hloov mus rau hauv inorganic phosphorus daim ntawv, thiab tom qab ntawd txheeb xyuas los ntawm atomic fluorescence analyzer los txiav txim nws cov ntsiab lus.
5. Gas chromatography: Tag nrho cov phosphorus hauv cov qauv dej yog sib cais thiab kuaj pom los ntawm cov roj chromatography. Cov qauv dej tau kho ua ntej kom rho tawm phosphate ions, thiab tom qab ntawd acetonitrile-dej (9: 1) sib tov yog siv los ua hnyav rau pre-kem derivatization, thiab thaum kawg tag nrho cov ntsiab lus phosphorus tau txiav txim siab los ntawm cov roj chromatography.
6. Isothermal turbidimetry: hloov tag nrho cov phosphorus hauv cov qauv dej mus rau hauv phosphate ions, tom qab ntawd ntxiv cov tsis thiab Molybdovanadophosphoric Acid (MVPA) reagent los ua kom muaj xim daj, ntsuas qhov nqus tus nqi nrog lub colorimeter, thiab tom qab ntawd siv cov calibration nkhaus. xam tag nrho cov ntsiab lus phosphorus.
Post lub sij hawm: Jul-06-2023
