1. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov dej khib nyiab yog dab tsi?
⑴ Kub: Qhov kub ntawm cov dej khib nyiab muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau cov txheej txheem dej khib nyiab.Qhov ntsuas kub ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob.Feem ntau, cov dej kub hauv nroog cov chaw kho dej hauv nroog yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 10 txog 25 degrees Celsius.Qhov kub ntawm cov dej khib nyiab muaj feem xyuam nrog cov txheej txheem tsim tawm ntawm cov dej khib nyiab.
⑵ Xim: Cov xim ntawm cov dej khib nyiab yog nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom yaj, cov khib nyiab tshem tawm lossis cov tshuaj colloidal hauv dej.Cov dej phwj hauv nroog tshiab feem ntau yog tsaus grey.Yog hais tias nws nyob rau hauv lub xeev anaerobic, cov xim yuav dhau los ua xim av thiab xim av.Cov xim ntawm cov dej khib nyiab muaj sib txawv.Papermaking wastewater feem ntau yog dub, distiller cov nplej khib nyiab yog daj-xim av, thiab electroplating khib nyiab yog xiav-ntsuab.
⑶ Cov ntxhiab tsw: Cov ntxhiab tsw ntawm cov dej khib nyiab yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov pa phem hauv cov dej phwj hauv tsev lossis cov dej khib nyiab.Qhov kwv yees muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov dej khib nyiab tuaj yeem txiav txim ncaj qha los ntawm kev hnov ntxhiab tsw.Cov dej phwj hauv nroog tshiab muaj ntxhiab tsw tsw.Yog tias tsis hnov tsw ntawm cov qe lwj, nws feem ntau qhia tau tias cov dej phwj tuaj tau anaerobically fermented los tsim cov roj hydrogen sulfide.Cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai tiv thaiv kab mob thaum ua haujlwm.
⑷ Turbidity: Turbidity yog qhov taw qhia uas piav qhia txog cov khoom tshem tawm hauv cov dej khib nyiab.Feem ntau nws tuaj yeem raug kuaj pom los ntawm lub ntsuas ntsuas turbidity, tab sis turbidity tsis tuaj yeem hloov ncaj qha rau cov concentration ntawm cov khib nyiab tshem tawm vim xim cuam tshuam nrog kev tshawb pom ntawm turbidity.
⑸ Conductivity: Cov conductivity nyob rau hauv cov dej khib nyiab feem ntau qhia tus naj npawb ntawm inorganic ions nyob rau hauv dej, uas yog ze ze rau cov concentration ntawm yaj inorganic tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov dej tuaj.Yog hais tias cov conductivity nce sharply, nws yog feem ntau yog ib tug kos npe rau ntawm txawv txawv industrial wastewater paug.
⑹ Cov teeb meem khoom: Daim ntawv (SS, DS, thiab lwm yam) thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom siv hauv cov dej khib nyiab cuam tshuam txog cov dej khib nyiab thiab tseem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tswj cov txheej txheem kho.
⑺ Precipitability: impurities hauv dej khib nyiab tuaj yeem muab faib ua plaub hom: yaj, colloidal, dawb thiab precipitable.Thawj peb yog tsis-precipitable.Precipitable impurities feem ntau sawv cev rau cov khoom uas precipitate hauv 30 feeb lossis 1 teev.
2. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov dej khib nyiab yog dab tsi?
Muaj ntau cov tshuaj ntsuas dej khib nyiab, uas tuaj yeem muab faib ua plaub pawg: ① Cov ntsuas dej dav dav, xws li pH tus nqi, hardness, alkalinity, chlorine residual, ntau yam anions thiab cations, thiab lwm yam.;② Organic teeb meem cov ntsiab lus ntsuas, biochemical oxygen thov BOD5, tshuaj lom neeg oxygen xav tau CODCr, tag nrho cov pa oxygen xav tau TOD thiab tag nrho cov organic carbon TOC, thiab lwm yam.③ Cog cov ntsiab lus cov ntsiab lus, xws li ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, phosphate, thiab lwm yam;④ Cov ntsuas tshuaj lom, xws li roj av, hlau hnyav, cyanides, sulfides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, ntau yam chlorinated organic tebchaw thiab ntau yam tshuaj tua kab, thiab lwm yam.
Hauv cov chaw kho dej sib txawv, cov phiaj xwm tsom xam tsim nyog rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov dej zoo yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab raws li qhov sib txawv thiab qhov ntau ntawm cov pa phem hauv cov dej tuaj.
3. Dab tsi yog qhov ntsuas tshuaj tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas hauv cov chaw kho dej phwj tuaj?
Cov cim qhia tshuaj tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas hauv cov chaw kho dej phwj dav dav yog raws li hauv qab no:
⑴ pH tus nqi: pH tus nqi tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los ntawm kev ntsuas cov hydrogen ion concentration hauv dej.Tus nqi pH muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau kev kho cov dej khib nyiab lom neeg, thiab cov tshuaj nitrification yog rhiab heev rau pH tus nqi.Tus nqi pH ntawm cov dej phwj hauv nroog feem ntau yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 6 thiab 8. Yog tias nws siab tshaj qhov ntau, nws feem ntau qhia tau tias muaj ntau cov dej khib nyiab pov tseg.Rau cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj cov tshuaj acidic lossis alkaline, yuav tsum tau kho neutralization ua ntej nkag mus rau hauv kev kho mob lom.
⑵Alkalinity: Alkalinity tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov kua qaub buffering peev xwm ntawm cov dej khib nyiab thaum txheej txheem kho.Yog tias cov dej khib nyiab muaj cov alkalinity siab, nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm pH tus nqi thiab ua rau tus nqi pH ruaj khov.Alkalinity sawv cev rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom hauv cov qauv dej uas ua ke nrog hydrogen ions hauv cov kua qaub muaj zog.Qhov loj ntawm alkalinity tuaj yeem ntsuas los ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov kua qaub uas siv los ntawm cov qauv dej thaum lub sij hawm titration txheej txheem.
⑶CODCr: CODCr yog cov organic teeb meem hauv cov dej khib nyiab uas tuaj yeem oxidized los ntawm cov muaj zog oxidant potassium dichromate, ntsuas hauv mg / L ntawm oxygen.
⑷BOD5: BOD5 yog cov pa oxygen xav tau rau biodegradation ntawm cov organic teeb meem hauv cov dej khib nyiab, thiab yog qhov qhia txog biodegradability ntawm cov dej khib nyiab.
⑸Nitrogen: Hauv cov chaw kho dej phwj tuaj, cov kev hloov pauv thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm nitrogen muab cov kev txwv rau cov txheej txheem.Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov organic nitrogen thiab ammonia nitrogen nyob rau hauv cov dej tuaj ntawm cov dej phwj tuaj kho cov nroj tsuag feem ntau siab, thaum cov ntsiab lus ntawm nitrate nitrogen thiab nitrite nitrogen feem ntau tsawg.Qhov nce ntawm ammonia nitrogen nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus sedimentation tank feem ntau qhia tau hais tias cov sludge tau los ua anaerobic, thaum lub nce nyob rau hauv nitrate nitrogen thiab nitrite nitrogen nyob rau hauv lub thib ob sedimentation tank qhia hais tias nitrification tau tshwm sim.Cov ntsiab lus nitrogen hauv cov kav dej hauv tsev feem ntau yog 20 txog 80 mg / L, ntawm cov organic nitrogen yog 8 txog 35 mg / L, ammonia nitrogen yog 12 txog 50 mg / L, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm nitrate nitrogen thiab nitrite nitrogen tsawg heev.Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov organic nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen thiab nitrite nitrogen hauv cov dej khib nyiab sib txawv ntawm dej mus rau dej.Cov ntsiab lus nitrogen hauv qee cov dej khib nyiab muaj tsawg heev.Thaum siv tshuaj lom neeg, nitrogen chiv yuav tsum tau ntxiv los ntxiv cov ntsiab lus nitrogen uas yuav tsum tau muaj los ntawm cov kab mob., thiab thaum cov ntsiab lus nitrogen nyob rau hauv cov effluent siab dhau lawm, kev kho denitrification yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv eutrophication hauv cov dej tau txais lub cev.
⑹ Phosphorus: Cov ntsiab lus phosphorus hauv cov dej phwj yog feem ntau 2 txog 20 mg / L, ntawm cov organic phosphorus yog 1 txog 5 mg / L thiab inorganic phosphorus yog 1 txog 15 mg / L.Cov ntsiab lus phosphorus hauv cov dej khib nyiab sib txawv heev.Qee cov dej khib nyiab muaj cov ntsiab lus phosphorus tsawg heev.Thaum siv tshuaj lom neeg, phosphate chiv yuav tsum tau ntxiv los ntxiv cov phosphorus cov ntsiab lus uas yuav tsum tau muaj los ntawm cov kab mob.Thaum cov phosphorus cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv cov effluent siab dhau lawm, , thiab phosphorus tshem tawm kev kho mob yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv eutrophication nyob rau hauv lub txais dej lub cev.
⑺ Petroleum: Feem ntau ntawm cov roj hauv cov dej khib nyiab yog insoluble hauv dej thiab ntab rau hauv dej.Cov roj hauv cov dej tuaj yuav cuam tshuam rau cov nyhuv oxygenation thiab txo cov kev ua haujlwm microbial nyob rau hauv lub tshuab ua kom cov sludge.Cov roj concentration ntawm cov dej phwj sib xyaw nkag mus rau hauv cov qauv kev kho mob lom yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 30 txog 50 mg / L.
⑻ Cov hlau hnyav: Cov hlau hnyav hauv cov dej khib nyiab feem ntau yog los ntawm cov dej khib nyiab thiab muaj tshuaj lom heev.Cov chaw kho dej phwj tuaj feem ntau tsis muaj txoj hauv kev kho kom zoo dua.Lawv feem ntau yuav tsum tau kho nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw hauv qhov kev cob qhia tawm kom ua tau raws li lub teb chaws cov qauv kev tso tawm ua ntej nkag mus rau hauv cov kav dej.Yog hais tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau hnyav hauv cov dej ntws los ntawm cov dej phwj tuaj kho cov nroj tsuag nce, nws feem ntau qhia tau tias muaj teeb meem nrog kev kho kom zoo.
⑼ Sulfide: Thaum cov sulfide hauv dej ntau dua 0.5mg / L, nws yuav muaj qhov tsis hnov tsw ntawm cov qe lwj thiab corrosive, qee zaum txawm ua rau hydrogen sulfide lom.
⑽Residual chlorine: Thaum siv cov tshuaj chlorine rau tshuaj tua kab mob, txhawm rau xyuas kom muaj cov kab mob me me thaum lub sij hawm kev thauj mus los, cov tshuaj chlorine seem hauv cov effluent (xws li cov tshuaj chlorine seem dawb thiab cov tshuaj chlorine ua ke) yog tus tswj cov txheej txheem tshuaj tua kab mob, uas feem ntau ua. tsis ntau tshaj 0.3mg / L.
4. Dab tsi yog qhov ntsuas microbial yam ntxwv ntawm cov dej khib nyiab?
Cov cim qhia txog cov dej khib nyiab suav nrog tag nrho cov kab mob, cov kab mob coliform, ntau yam kab mob kab mob thiab cov kab mob, thiab lwm yam. Cov dej khib nyiab los ntawm tsev kho mob, kev sib koom ua lag luam nqaij, thiab lwm yam yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj tua kab mob ua ntej tso tawm.Cov qauv kev tso dej pov tseg hauv tebchaws muaj feem cuam tshuam tau teev tseg qhov no.Cov chaw kho dej phwj feem ntau tsis pom thiab tswj cov ntsuas kev lom neeg hauv cov dej nkag, tab sis yuav tsum muaj tshuaj tua kab mob ua ntej cov dej phwj kho tau tawm los tswj cov pa phem ntawm cov dej uas tau txais los ntawm cov dej phwj tuaj kho.Yog tias cov tshuaj tua kab mob thib ob tau kho ntxiv thiab rov siv dua, nws tseem yuav tsum tau tshuaj tua kab mob ua ntej rov siv dua.
⑴ Tag nrho cov kab mob: Tag nrho cov kab mob tuaj yeem siv los ua qhov taw qhia los ntsuas qhov huv ntawm cov dej zoo thiab ntsuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov dej huv.Kev nce ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob qhia tau hais tias cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm cov dej tsis zoo, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem qhia ncaj qha tias nws muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg lub cev.Nws yuav tsum tau ua ke nrog cov fecal coliforms los txiav txim siab seb cov dej zoo li cas rau tib neeg lub cev.
⑵ Tus naj npawb ntawm cov coliforms: Tus naj npawb ntawm cov coliforms hauv dej tuaj yeem qhia ncaj qha tias cov dej muaj cov kab mob hauv plab (xws li typhoid, dysentery, kab mob cholera, thiab lwm yam), thiab yog li ntawd nws yog qhov qhia txog kev tu cev kom tib neeg noj qab haus huv.Thaum cov dej phwj tuaj rov siv ua lwm yam dej los yog dej toj roob hauv pes, nws tuaj yeem nkag mus rau tib neeg lub cev.Lub sijhawm no, tus naj npawb ntawm fecal coliforms yuav tsum raug kuaj pom.
⑶ Ntau yam kab mob kab mob thiab kab mob: Ntau yam kab mob kis tau los ntawm dej.Piv txwv li, cov kab mob ua rau kab mob siab, kab mob polio thiab lwm yam kab mob muaj nyob hauv tib neeg txoj hnyuv, nkag mus rau hauv cov kav dej hauv tsev los ntawm tus neeg mob cov quav, thiab tom qab ntawd muab tso rau hauv cov dej phwj tuaj kho..Cov txheej txheem kho dej phwj tuaj muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov kab mob no tsawg.Thaum cov dej phwj kho tau tso tawm, yog tias tus nqi siv ntawm cov dej tau txais lub cev muaj cov cai tshwj xeeb rau cov kab mob pathogenic thiab kab mob no, yuav tsum muaj tshuaj tua kab mob thiab kuaj.
5. Dab tsi yog cov cim qhia uas qhia txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov organic hauv dej?
Tom qab cov organic teeb meem nkag mus rau hauv lub cev dej, nws yuav oxidized thiab decomposed nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm microorganisms, maj mam txo cov yaj yaj nyob rau hauv dej.Thaum oxidation tau nrawm dhau lawm thiab lub cev dej tsis tuaj yeem nqus tau cov pa oxygen txaus los ntawm qhov chaw nyob rau lub sijhawm los ntxiv cov pa oxygen, cov pa yaj hauv dej yuav poob qis heev (xws li tsawg dua 3 ~ 4mg / L), uas yuav cuam tshuam rau cov dej hauv dej. kab mob.xav tau kev loj hlob ib txwm.Thaum cov pa oxygen yaj hauv dej tas lawm, cov organic teeb meem pib zom zaub mov anaerobic, tsim cov ntxhiab thiab cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig kev nyiam huv.
Txij li cov organic teeb meem uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov dej phwj yog feem ntau yog ib tug complex sib tov ntawm ntau yam, nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau txiav txim seb tus nqi ntawm txhua yam ntawm ib tug los ntawm ib tug.Qhov tseeb, qee qhov kev qhia dav dav feem ntau yog siv los cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov organic teeb meem hauv dej.Muaj ob hom kev qhia dav dav qhia txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov organic teeb meem hauv dej.Ib qho yog qhov qhia tau hais tias nyob rau hauv cov pa oxygen xav tau (O2) sib npaug rau cov organic teeb meem hauv dej, xws li biochemical oxygen xav tau (BOD), chemical oxygen xav tau (COD), thiab tag nrho cov pa oxygen xav tau (TOD).;Lwm hom yog qhov taw qhia qhia hauv carbon (C), xws li tag nrho cov organic carbon TOC.Rau tib hom dej phwj tuaj, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntsuas no feem ntau sib txawv.Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm tus lej muaj nuj nqis yog TOD>CODCr> BOD5>TOC
6. Tag nrho cov organic carbon yog dab tsi?
Tag Nrho cov organic carbon TOC (cov ntawv luv rau Total Organic Carbon hauv Lus Askiv) yog qhov qhia tau meej uas qhia ncaj qha cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov organic teeb meem hauv dej.Cov ntaub ntawv nws qhia yog tag nrho cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm cov organic teeb meem hauv dej phwj tuaj, thiab chav tsev tau qhia hauv mg / L ntawm carbon (C)..Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ntsuas TOC yog thawj zaug acidify cov qauv dej, siv nitrogen los tawm cov carbonate hauv cov qauv dej kom tshem tawm kev cuam tshuam, tom qab ntawd txhaj cov qauv dej rau hauv cov pa oxygen uas paub txog cov ntsiab lus oxygen, thiab xa mus rau hauv. platinum steel yeeb nkab.Nws yog hlawv nyob rau hauv lub quartz combustion raj raws li ib tug catalyst ntawm ib tug kub ntawm 900oC rau 950oC.Lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob tsis muaj hluav taws xob tsis sib haum yog siv los ntsuas tus nqi ntawm CO2 tsim thaum lub sijhawm sib xyaw, thiab tom qab ntawd cov ntsiab lus carbon yog xam, uas yog tag nrho cov organic carbon TOC (kom paub meej, saib GB13193-91).Lub sijhawm ntsuas tsuas siv ob peb feeb xwb.
TOC ntawm cov dej phwj hauv nroog tuaj yeem ncav cuag 200mg / L.TOC ntawm cov dej khib nyiab muaj ntau yam, nrog rau qhov siab tshaj plaws mus txog kaum tawm txhiab mg / L.TOC ntawm cov dej phwj tuaj tom qab kev kho mob ntshav qab zib theem nrab yog feem ntau<50mg> 7. Puas yog tag nrho cov pa oxygen xav tau?
Tag nrho cov pa oxygen xav tau TOD (cov ntawv luv rau Total Oxygen Demand hauv Lus Askiv) yog hais txog cov pa oxygen xav tau thaum txo cov khoom (feem ntau yog cov organic teeb meem) hauv dej kub kub thiab ua cov oxides ruaj khov.Cov txiaj ntsig tau ntsuas hauv mg / L.Tus nqi TOD tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov pa oxygen noj thaum yuav luag tag nrho cov organic teeb meem hauv dej (xws li carbon C, hydrogen H, oxygen O, nitrogen N, phosphorus P, sulfur S, thiab lwm yam) raug hlawv rau hauv CO2, H2O, NOx, SO2, lwm yam kom muaj nuj nqis.Nws tuaj yeem pom tias tus nqi TOD feem ntau ntau dua li tus nqi CODCr.Tam sim no, TOD tsis tau suav nrog cov qauv dej zoo hauv kuv lub tebchaws, tab sis tsuas yog siv hauv kev tshawb fawb theoretical ntawm kev kho dej phwj tuaj.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ntsuas TOD yog txhaj cov qauv dej rau hauv cov pa oxygen uas paub cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa oxygen, thiab xa mus rau hauv lub quartz combustion raj nrog platinum steel ua catalyst, thiab hlawv nws tam sim ntawd ntawm qhov kub ntawm 900oC.Cov organic teeb meem hauv cov qauv dej Ntawd yog, nws yog oxidized thiab siv cov pa oxygen hauv cov pa oxygen.Thawj tus nqi ntawm cov pa oxygen hauv cov pa ntws rho tawm cov pa oxygen ntxiv yog tag nrho cov pa oxygen xav tau TOD.Tus nqi ntawm cov pa hauv cov pa oxygen tuaj yeem ntsuas tau siv cov electrodes, yog li kev ntsuas ntawm TOD tsuas yog siv ob peb feeb xwb.
8. Dab tsi yog biochemical oxygen xav tau?
Lub npe tag nrho ntawm biochemical oxygen xav tau yog biochemical oxygen xav tau, uas yog Biochemical Oxygen Demand hauv lus Askiv thiab abbreviated li BOD.Nws txhais tau hais tias ntawm qhov kub ntawm 20oC thiab nyob rau hauv aerobic tej yam kev mob, nws yog noj nyob rau hauv lub biochemical oxidation txheej txheem ntawm aerobic microorganisms decomposing organic teeb meem nyob rau hauv dej.Tus nqi ntawm cov pa yaj yog cov pa oxygen uas yuav tsum tau ua kom ruaj khov biodegradable organic teeb meem hauv dej.Qhov ntsuas yog mg / L.BOD tsis tsuas yog suav nrog cov pa oxygen noj los ntawm kev loj hlob, kev tsim tawm lossis kev ua pa ntawm cov kab mob aerobic hauv dej, tab sis kuj suav nrog cov pa oxygen noj los ntawm kev txo cov khoom siv tsis zoo xws li sulfide thiab ferrous hlau, tab sis feem ntau ntawm cov khoom no yog feem ntau. me me heev.Yog li ntawd, qhov loj dua tus nqi BOD, qhov ntau dua cov ntsiab lus organic hauv dej.
Nyob rau hauv aerobic tej yam kev mob, microorganisms decompose organic teeb meem rau hauv ob txoj kev: oxidation theem ntawm carbon-muaj organic teeb meem thiab nitrification theem ntawm nitrogen-muaj cov organic teeb meem.Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm 20oC, lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau rau cov organic teeb meem oxidize mus rau lub nitrification theem, uas yog, ua kom tiav decomposition thiab stability, yog ntau tshaj 100 hnub.Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseeb, biochemical oxygen xav tau BOD20 ntawm 20 hnub ntawm 20oC kwv yees li sawv cev rau qhov ua tiav biochemical oxygen xav tau.Hauv kev siv ntau lawm, 20 hnub tseem suav tias ntev dhau lawm, thiab qhov xav tau biochemical oxygen (BOD5) ntawm 5 hnub ntawm 20 ° C feem ntau yog siv los ntsuas cov ntsiab lus organic ntawm cov dej phwj tuaj.Kev paub qhia tau hais tias BOD5 ntawm cov dej phwj hauv tsev thiab ntau cov dej phwj tuaj yog kwv yees li 70 ~ 80% ntawm tag nrho biochemical oxygen thov BOD20.
BOD5 yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim siab lub nra ntawm cov dej phwj tuaj kho cov nroj tsuag.Tus nqi BOD5 tuaj yeem siv los suav cov pa oxygen xav tau rau oxidation ntawm cov organic teeb meem hauv cov dej khib nyiab.Cov pa oxygen xav tau rau kev ruaj khov ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide tuaj yeem hu ua carbon BOD5.Yog tias ntxiv oxidized, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nitrification tuaj yeem tshwm sim.Cov pa oxygen xav tau los ntawm cov kab mob nitrifying los hloov ammonia nitrogen rau nitrate nitrogen thiab nitrite nitrogen tuaj yeem hu ua nitrification.BOD 5.Cov chaw kho dej hauv nruab nrab tsuas tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov pa roj carbon BOD5, tab sis tsis yog nitrification BOD5.Txij li thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nitrification inevitably tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm kev kho mob lom ntawm kev tshem tawm cov pa roj carbon BOD5, qhov ntsuas tus nqi ntawm BOD5 yog siab dua qhov tseeb oxygen noj ntawm cov organic teeb meem.
Kev ntsuas BOD siv sijhawm ntev, thiab kev ntsuas BOD5 feem ntau xav tau 5 hnub.Yog li ntawd, nws feem ntau tsuas yog siv rau kev ntsuam xyuas cov txheej txheem thiab kev tswj cov txheej txheem mus sij hawm ntev.Rau qhov chaw kho dej phwj tshwj xeeb, kev sib raug zoo ntawm BOD5 thiab CODCr tuaj yeem tsim tau, thiab CODCr tuaj yeem siv los kwv yees kwv yees tus nqi BOD5 los coj kev hloov kho cov txheej txheem kho.
9. Dab tsi yog tshuaj lom neeg oxygen xav tau?
Chemical Oxygen Demand hauv lus Askiv yog Chemical Oxygen Demand.Nws yog hais txog tus nqi ntawm oxidant noj los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov organic teeb meem hauv dej thiab muaj zog oxidants (xws li potassium dichromate, poov tshuaj permanganate, thiab lwm yam) nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob, hloov mus rau hauv oxygen.hauv mg/L.
Thaum cov poov tshuaj dichromate siv los ua cov oxidant, yuav luag tag nrho (90% ~ 95%) ntawm cov organic teeb meem hauv dej tuaj yeem oxidized.Tus nqi ntawm oxidant noj nyob rau lub sij hawm no hloov mus rau hauv oxygen yog qhov feem ntau hu ua cov tshuaj oxygen xav tau, feem ntau abbreviated li CODCr (saib GB 11914-89 rau cov kev tsom xam tshwj xeeb).CODCr tus nqi ntawm cov dej phwj tuaj tsis yog tsuas yog suav nrog cov pa oxygen rau oxidation ntawm yuav luag tag nrho cov organic teeb meem hauv dej, tab sis kuj suav nrog cov pa oxygen noj rau oxidation ntawm kev txo qis inorganic tshuaj xws li nitrite, ferrous ntsev, thiab sulfides hauv dej.
10. Dab tsi yog poov tshuaj permanganate Performance index (oxygen noj)?
Cov tshuaj oxygen thov ntsuas siv cov poov tshuaj permanganate raws li oxidant hu ua poov tshuaj permanganate Performance index (saib GB 11892-89 rau kev tsom xam tshwj xeeb) lossis oxygen noj, cov lus Askiv luv yog CODMn lossis OC, thiab chav tsev yog mg / L.
Txij li thaum lub peev xwm oxidizing ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate tsis muaj zog dua li ntawm cov poov tshuaj dichromate, cov nqi tshwj xeeb CODMn ntawm cov poov tshuaj permanganate Performance index ntawm tib cov dej feem ntau qis dua nws cov nqi CODCr, uas yog, CODMn tsuas tuaj yeem sawv cev rau cov organic teeb meem lossis cov teeb meem inorganic. uas yog yooj yim oxidized nyob rau hauv dej.cov ntsiab lus.Yog li ntawd, kuv lub tebchaws, Tebchaws Europe thiab Tebchaws Meskas thiab ntau lub tebchaws siv CODCr los ua qhov qhia dav dav los tswj cov kabmob organic, thiab tsuas yog siv cov poov tshuaj permanganate Performance index CODMn ua qhov ntsuas los ntsuas thiab saib xyuas cov ntsiab lus organic ntawm cov dej hauv av xws li xws li dej hiav txwv, dej ntws, pas dej, thiab lwm yam. lossis dej haus.
Txij li thaum poov tshuaj permanganate yuav luag tsis muaj oxidizing nyhuv ntawm cov organic teeb meem xws li benzene, cellulose, organic acids, thiab amino acids, thaum poov tshuaj dichromate tuaj yeem oxidize yuav luag tag nrho cov organic teeb meem no, CODCr yog siv los qhia txog qib ntawm cov pa phem ntawm cov dej khib nyiab thiab tswj. Kev kho dej phwj tuaj.Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov txheej txheem yog tsim nyog dua.Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov poov tshuaj permanganate Performance index CODMn yog qhov yooj yim thiab nrawm, CODMn tseem siv los qhia txog qib ntawm kev ua qias tuaj, uas yog, tus nqi ntawm cov organic teeb meem hauv cov dej huv huv, thaum ntsuas cov dej zoo.
11. Yuav ua li cas txiav txim siab biodegradability ntawm cov dej khib nyiab los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas BOD5 thiab CODr ntawm cov dej khib nyiab?
Thaum cov dej muaj cov organic teeb meem, BOD5 tus nqi hauv cov dej khib nyiab feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov tseeb.Tus nqi CODCr tuaj yeem ntsuas cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov organic teeb meem hauv dej, tab sis tus nqi CODCr tsis tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm biodegradable thiab tsis biodegradable.Tib neeg tau siv los ntsuas BOD5 / CODCr ntawm cov dej phwj tuaj txiav txim nws cov biodegradability.Nws feem ntau ntseeg tias yog BOD5 / CODCr ntawm cov dej phwj tuaj ntau dua 0.3, nws tuaj yeem kho los ntawm biodegradation.Yog tias BOD5 / CODCr ntawm cov dej phwj tuaj qis dua 0.2, nws tsuas yog xav tau.Siv lwm txoj hauv kev los daws nws.
12.Qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm BOD5 thiab CODCr yog dab tsi?
Biochemical oxygen xav tau (BOD5) sawv cev rau cov pa oxygen xav tau thaum lub sijhawm biochemical decomposition ntawm cov pa phem hauv cov dej phwj tuaj.Nws tuaj yeem piav qhia qhov teeb meem ncaj qha hauv kev nkag siab biochemical.Yog li ntawd, BOD5 tsis yog tsuas yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm qhov ntsuas dej zoo, tab sis kuj yog qhov taw qhia ntawm dej phwj biology.Ib qho tseem ceeb heev tswj parameter thaum ua.Txawm li cas los xij, BOD5 kuj raug rau qee qhov kev txwv hauv kev siv.Ua ntej, lub sij hawm ntsuas yog ntev (5 hnub), uas tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam thiab coj kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv dej phwj tuaj raws sijhawm.Qhov thib ob, qee qhov dej phwj tuaj yeem tsis muaj cov xwm txheej rau kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm microbial (xws li muaj cov tshuaj lom cov organic).), nws tus nqi BOD5 tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab.
Cov tshuaj oxygen xav tau CODCr qhia txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm yuav luag tag nrho cov organic teeb meem thiab txo cov teeb meem inorganic hauv cov dej phwj tuaj, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem piav qhia qhov teeb meem ncaj qha rau hauv kev nkag siab ntawm biochemical xws li biochemical oxygen thov BOD5.Hauv lwm lo lus, kuaj cov tshuaj oxygen xav tau CODCr tus nqi ntawm cov dej phwj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov organic hauv dej, tab sis cov tshuaj oxygen xav tau CODCr tsis tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm biodegradable organic teeb meem thiab tsis yog biodegradable organic teeb meem.
Cov tshuaj oxygen xav tau CODCr feem ntau yog siab dua li biochemical oxygen xav tau BOD5 tus nqi, thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov organic teeb meem hauv cov dej phwj tuaj uas tsis tuaj yeem degraded los ntawm cov kab mob.Rau cov dej phwj tuaj nrog cov khoom muaj kuab paug ruaj khov, CODCr thiab BOD5 feem ntau muaj qee qhov kev sib raug zoo thiab tuaj yeem suav los ntawm ib leeg.Tsis tas li ntawd, kev ntsuas ntawm CODCr siv sijhawm tsawg dua.Raws li lub teb chaws tus txheej txheem ntawm reflux rau 2 teev, nws tsuas yog siv sij hawm 3 mus rau 4 teev los ntawm cov qauv mus rau qhov tshwm sim, thaum ntsuas tus nqi BOD5 yuav siv sij hawm 5 hnub.Yog li ntawd, hauv kev ua haujlwm thiab kev tswj xyuas dej phwj tiag tiag, CODCr feem ntau siv los ua qhov ntsuas ntsuas.
Txhawm rau coj cov haujlwm tsim khoom sai li sai tau, qee qhov chaw kho dej phwj tuaj kuj tau tsim cov qauv kev lag luam rau kev ntsuas CODCr hauv reflux rau 5 feeb.Txawm hais tias qhov ntsuas ntsuas tau muaj qee qhov yuam kev nrog lub teb chaws tus qauv, vim tias qhov yuam kev yog qhov kev ua yuam kev, qhov kev soj ntsuam tas li tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov dej zoo.Qhov kev hloov pauv tiag tiag ntawm cov dej phwj tuaj yeem raug txo kom tsawg dua 1 teev, uas muab lub sijhawm lav rau kev hloov kho cov dej phwj tuaj raws sijhawm thiab tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv ntawm cov dej tsis zoo los ntawm kev cuam tshuam cov dej phwj tuaj kho.Hauv lwm lo lus, qhov zoo ntawm cov dej ntws los ntawm cov khoom siv dej phwj tuaj tau zoo dua.Tus nqi.
Post lub sij hawm: Sep-14-2023
